ST↑ in aVR: un’alterazione di tutto rispetto

16 Apr

homer_the_scream

Qualche mese fa MEDEST ha pubblicato un post in merito ad un caso clinico in cui un ECG con alterazione del tratto ST in aVR era stato trascurato per un atteggiamento di diffusa sufficienza con cui molti clinici guardano alle alterazioni presenti in questa derivazione.

Approfittiamo di questo ECG, registrato ieri a domicilio in un paziente di con dolore toracico, per puntualizzare alcuni concetti fondamentali riguardo alle alterazioni del tratto ST in aVR:

STE aVR_c

Click to enlarge/Clicca per ingrandire

  • L’elevazione del tratto in ST↑ ≥1 mm in aVR, nel contesto di diffuse alterazioni ischemiche (ST↓), è un segno ischemico molto grave, patognomonico per occlusione del tronco comune (LMCA), della discendente anteriore (LAD) o di malattia dei tre vasi (3VD)
  • I pazienti con ST↑ ≥1 mm in aVR e clinica tipica devono essere sottoposti PTCA in urgenza
  • L’assenza di ST↑ in aVR esclude con molta accuratezza la probabilità di occlusione del tronco comune
  • I criteri sopra esposti non sono applicabili in caso di TPSV o in assenza di segni clinici di ischemia
  • ST ↑ in aVR+ST↑ in aVL indicano occlusione del tronco comune (LMCA)
  • ST ↑ in aVR+ST↑ in V1 indicano occlusione del tronco comune (LMCA) o della discendente anteriore (LAD)
    • ST ↑ in aVR >ST↑ in V1 fa sospettare l’occlusione del tronco comune (LMCA) piuttosto che quello della discendente anteriore (LAD)
  • ST↑ in aVR ≥ 1mm è associato con un aumento fino a 6 volte della mortalità
  • ST↑ in aVR ≥ 1.5mm è associato ad una mortalità che può andare dal 25% al 70%

In conclusione aVR merita più considerazione, perchè il rilievo di ST↑ in questa derivazione indica lesioni a carico di vasi motlo critici per la circolazione coronarica e la prognosi di questi pazienti è altamente sfavorevole.

MEDEST you tube

 

 

 

References:

  1. aVR the forgotten lead
  2. ST Elevation in aVR – LMCA occlusion?
  3. aVR The Neglected Lead
  4. Williamson K, Mattu A, Plautz CU, et al. Electrocardiographic applications of lead aVR. Am J Emerg Med. 2006 Nov;24(7):864-74
  5. Rokos IC, French WJ, Mattu A, et al. Appropriate cardiac cath lab activation: optimizing the electrocardiogram interpretation and clinical decision making for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2010 Dec; 160(6):995-1003
  6. Nikus KC, Eskola MJ. Electrocardiogram patterns in acute left main coronary artery occlusion. J Electrocardiology. 2008 Nov-Dec;41(6):626-9
  7. Kosuge M, Ebina T, Hibi K, et at. An early and simple predictor of severe left main and/or three-vessel disease in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Feb 15;107(4):495-500
  8. Nikus K, Pahlm O, Wagner G, et al. Electrocardiographic classification of acute coronary syndromes: a review by a committee of the International Society for Holter and Non-Invasive Electrocardiology. 2010 Mar-Apr;43(2):93, 97-98
 

 

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